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Everything mentioned on our starter-kit page and in the Senior Dog Basics guide, grouped by topic. Under each item we say what to look for, so you can judge any product, not only the ones we link. The links open Amazon search results, so you see current options, prices and reviews on Amazon itself. Ask your vet before changing your dog's food, supplements or medication.
Two numbers do most of the work for an older dog: what he eats and what he weighs. Scoops are unreliable (in one study, people measuring kibble were off by anything from 48 percent too little to 152 percent too much), so weigh the food.
Brushing has the best support in the research we found: in a 125-dog trial, brushing every other day and a daily dental chew each reduced plaque and tartar, while a water additive on its own did not. If his gums are red or sore, see the vet before you start.
Nails that are not worn down can curl into the pads. A common test is that his nails should not touch the floor when he stands. A grinder or a pair of clippers pays for itself within a few trips to the groomer.
Only relevant if your vet prescribes something. Ask before you crush, split or hide a pill in food.